Immunosuppressive Effects of Myeloid Cells on Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells within the Glioblastoma Neuronal Microenvironment
By
Junyi Zhang
Jasmin von Ehr
Thomas Look
Jasim Kada Benotmane
Nicolas Neidert
Jan Kueckelhaus
Tobias Weiss
Dieter Henrik Heiland
Yahaya A. Yabo
March 13, 2026
Clinical Scorecard: Immunosuppressive Effects of Myeloid Cells on Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells within the Glioblastoma Neuronal Microenvironment
At a Glance
Category Detail
Condition Glioblastoma (GB) Key Mechanisms Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) driven by myeloid cells and T cell exhaustion. Target Population Patients with glioblastoma. Care Setting Clinical and research settings involving CAR-T cell therapy.
Key Highlights
CAR-T cell therapy shows limited efficacy in glioblastoma due to immunosuppressive TME. Myeloid cells, particularly CD163-positive macrophages, contribute to T cell dysfunction. NKG2D-based CAR-Ts demonstrate broader targeting potential in glioblastoma. T cell exhaustion is a significant barrier to CAR-T therapy effectiveness. BACH2 and MAF identified as potential targets for enhancing CAR-T cell function. Guideline-Based Recommendations
Diagnosis
Utilize imaging and histological analysis for glioblastoma diagnosis. Management
Consider bivalent/multivalent CAR designs to improve targeting in glioblastoma. Monitoring & Follow-up
Assess T cell functionality and exhaustion markers in patients undergoing CAR-T therapy. Risks
Monitor for signs of T cell exhaustion and immunosuppression in glioblastoma patients. Patient & Prescribing Data
Patients diagnosed with glioblastoma undergoing CAR-T cell therapy.
CAR-T cells initially show antitumor effects but may decline in efficacy due to TME interactions.
Clinical Best Practices
Integrate immune checkpoint blockade strategies to revitalize exhausted T cells. Utilize human neocortical slice models for more accurate preclinical testing of CAR-T therapies. References