Electroacupuncture for Temporomandibular Disorder–Related Pain: Clinical Evidence, Mechanisms, and Safety—A Narrative Review
By
Huang, Miao
Zhu, Xingzhong
Zhang, Ping
April 20, 2026
Objective: To review clinical evidence, mechanisms, and safety of electro-acupuncture (EA) for treating pain associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD).
Key Findings: Remove unsupported claims about effectiveness and implications. Focus on findings directly stated in the source. Interpretation: Omit this section as it contains unsupported recommendations.
Limitations: Observed heterogeneity in study designs limits the interpretation of EA's relative effectiveness. Current evidence is based on varying clinical protocols and TMD subtypes, affecting the generalizability of findings. Need for larger, multicenter trials with prolonged follow-up to confirm long-term benefits. Conclusion: Revise to reflect only the evidence presented without unsupported claims.
