Electroacupuncture for Temporomandibular Disorder–Related Pain: Clinical Evidence, Mechanisms, and Safety—A Narrative Review
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By
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Huang, Miao
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Zhu, Xingzhong
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Zhang, Ping
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April 20, 2026
Objective:
To review clinical evidence, mechanisms, and safety of electro-acupuncture (EA) for treating pain associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD).
Key Findings:
- Remove unsupported claims about effectiveness and implications.
- Focus on findings directly stated in the source.
Interpretation:
Omit this section as it contains unsupported recommendations.
Limitations:
- Observed heterogeneity in study designs limits the interpretation of EA's relative effectiveness.
- Current evidence is based on varying clinical protocols and TMD subtypes, affecting the generalizability of findings.
- Need for larger, multicenter trials with prolonged follow-up to confirm long-term benefits.
Conclusion:
Revise to reflect only the evidence presented without unsupported claims.
