To synthesize current evidence on neuro-osteo-immune regulation in oral tissues, emphasizing the critical roles of neuropeptide pathways in periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
Approach:
Key Findings:
CGRP is associated with protective effects, promoting osteogenesis and M2 macrophage polarization, which may inform therapeutic strategies.
Substance P is linked to neurogenic inflammation and osteoclast activation in inflammatory settings, highlighting its role in disease progression.
Periodontitis retains self-regulation capacity through periodontal ligament-mediated neural feedback, suggesting potential for targeted interventions.
Peri-implantitis may progress towards chronic inflammation due to reduced neural input and foreign body reactions, indicating a need for different management approaches.
Interpretation:
The distinct roles of neuropeptide pathways in periodontitis and peri-implantitis suggest that personalized therapeutic approaches may be needed for effective management of these conditions.
Limitations:
The proposed interpretations require direct validation in human disease, particularly in diverse populations.
Current understanding of neuro-osteo-immune interactions is still evolving, necessitating further research to clarify these complex relationships.
Conclusion:
Future therapeutic strategies targeting neuropeptide receptors and biomimetic implant coatings with neuromodulatory properties could enhance precision interventions in oral inflammatory diseases, paving the way for improved clinical outcomes.
